{"id":556,"date":"2019-06-25T16:17:48","date_gmt":"2019-06-25T09:17:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/?p=556"},"modified":"2019-07-26T20:13:15","modified_gmt":"2019-07-26T13:13:15","slug":"tim-loi-giai-dap-cho-cau-hoi-may-chu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/tim-loi-giai-dap-cho-cau-hoi-may-chu-la-gi.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i. V\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfng Anh: server computer, end system. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Webvocuc t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 h\u01a1n trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (Server) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n

\"m\u00e1y<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi internet ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 IP t\u0129nh. C\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c x\u1eed l\u00fd cao v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c truy c\u1eadp. Nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. V\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng internet. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean internet. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean internet mu\u1ed1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 – m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec..<\/h3>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7<\/strong> c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i: M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ri\u00eang.<\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m: HDD, CPU, RAM, Card m\u1ea1ng,.. .<\/p>\n

N\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ri\u00eang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o.<\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ec3 chia t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ri\u00eang th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ri\u00eang. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea1y chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 g\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tuy v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ea3o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. V\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef SAN v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. Gi\u00fap m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng downtime.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. M\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 h\u01a1n cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? ta c\u00f2n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

\u200bC\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/h3>\n

\"m\u00e1y<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0: Web server, Database server, FTP server, SMTP server (email sever), DNS sever, DHCP server.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web.<\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 web. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c website server \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c file *.htm v\u00e0 *.html. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i web server l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u file chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 llS c\u1ee7a Microsoft d\u00e0nh cho *.asp, *.aspx\u2026; Apache d\u00e0nh cho *.php\u2026; Sun Java system web server c\u1ee7a SUN d\u00e0nh cho *.jsp\u2026<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Database.<\/h4>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb CSDL nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: SQL server, MySQL, Oracle\u2026<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 FTP.<\/h4>\n

D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eadp tin qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng giao th\u1ee9c TCP\/IP (Internet – m\u1ea1ng ngo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 – ho\u1eb7c intranet – m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9). Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a FTP c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 2 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, 1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 1 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 FTP d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 FTP, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7, l\u1eafng nghe y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m FTP d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1ch, th\u00ec kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 SMTP.<\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qua m\u1ea1ng Internet. SMTP server l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi mail \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 email kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean internet.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS<\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng Internet \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP (Internet Protocol). Nh\u1eb1m thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb ta d\u00f9ng t\u00ean (domain name) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n DNS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DHCP.<\/h4>\n

L\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh 1 c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo h\u00e3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 – m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0: SuperMicro, IBM, Dell, Cisco\u2026\u00a0 C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i server ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau: m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 IBM, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Dell, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 SuperMicro v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Cisco, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 HP<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n tri th\u1ee9c cho m\u00ecnh nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i. V\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfng Anh: server computer, end system. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Webvocuc t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 h\u01a1n trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (Server) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[43],"class_list":["post-556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thiet-ke-website","tag-may-chu-la-gi"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/tim-loi-giai-dap-cho-cau-hoi-may-chu-la-gi-02_vgbtis.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=556"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/556\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}