{"id":1848,"date":"2019-11-27T08:00:08","date_gmt":"2019-11-27T01:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/?p=1848"},"modified":"2021-09-06T15:34:59","modified_gmt":"2021-09-06T08:34:59","slug":"ma-nguon-mo-la-gi-loi-ich-cua-ma-nguon-mo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/ma-nguon-mo-la-gi-loi-ich-cua-ma-nguon-mo.html","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>?<\/a> L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt khi b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cm\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf\u201d (open souce) tr\u00ean ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Android hay tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t Firefox m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m internet.<\/p>\n

\"m\u00e3<\/p>\n

M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, chia s\u1ebb, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 (code) theo \u00fd m\u00ecnh. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng code c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ee7i ro. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i (bugs) c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

\u201cS\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f9ng nhau chia s\u1ebb n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eddi gian, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. T\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean t\u1eadp h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh,\u2026) \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (server).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf (t\u00f9y g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi) l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai. Nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p cao nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

\"m\u00e3<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 Microsoft Office<\/a> hay Adobe<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf mang l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a ngh\u0129 ra hay \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cao h\u01a1n. V\u00ec d\u00f9 sao th\u00ec khi c\u00f3 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed7i Heartbleed (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u201cTr\u00e1i tim r\u1ec9 m\u00e1u\u201d – l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf Open SSL. G\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn 2\/3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Internet to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u). T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u cho l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf?<\/h2>\n

\"m\u00e3<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. V\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng h\u01a1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111i k\u00e8m nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ty. Do ng\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh IT ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. N\u00ean h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb ph\u00eda c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u nay \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec? L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt khi b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cm\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf\u201d (open souce) tr\u00ean ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[176],"class_list":["post-1848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thiet-ke-website","tag-ma-nguon-mo-la-gi"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/ma-nguon-mo-la-gi-loi-ich-cua-ma-nguon-mo-2.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1848"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1848\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4300,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1848\/revisions\/4300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webvocuc.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}